Math 5-335    Section 2
Fall 2005
Hints and supplementary exercises for the October 27 homework

Hint for problems #2 and #3 in §7.9:   To answer the question about orientation of an isometry obtained by composition or conjugation, we need to find out whether the determinant of its matrix part is +1 or -1. The main linear algebra fact needed for this purpose is that if   U   and   V   are   n by n   matrices, then the determinant of the product is equal to the product of the determinants; thus:
           det(UV) = det(U)·det(V).
And also, in the case of an invertible matrix  U,   we have:
           det(U -1) = 1/det(U) ,
because the identity matrix has determinant = 1 and   U·U -1 = 1   (the identity matrix).   Well, maybe one could claim that the formula for   det(U -1)   isn't such a big deal in the case where   U   is orthogonal, since we have   det(U) = ±1   in this case anyway. Nonetheless, it still could be the right way to think about things when you're considering conjugate matrices.
 

Supplementary exercise #3   [Optional; please submit separately]   Given triangle   ABC   and triangle   PQR. Assume that there exists a nonzero real number   v   such that:
          || = v ||    || = v ||    and    || = v ||.

Show that if the orthocenter of triangle   ABC   is   (r,s,t)ABC,   then the orthocenter of triangle   PQR   is   (r,s,t)PQR.    (We use the notations   ABC   and   PQR   as part of the superscript to indicate the triangle relative to which we are taking the barycentric coordinates . . . )
 
Suggestion: Refer to the formula from Theorem 7 of Chapter 3 of the text.   What power of   v   can be factored from the numerators and from the denominators? ( It's useful to note here that the numerators and denominators in the formula given in Theorem 7 are homogeneous polynomials:   this means that all of the monomials occurring in one of these polynomials have the same total degree. For instance,   2x3 + 3y3 + 5z3 + 11xyz   is homogeneous of degree 3. )
 

Note:   The assignment also includes some exercises from the text.


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